Solar winds not responsible for water loss on Mars

In a study by researchers at the Swedish Institute of Space Physics and Center d'Etude Spatiale des Rayonnements in Toulouse, France determined that the escape rate of water and carbon dioxide from the Martian surface was low, so alternate ideas need to be investigated to determine what did happen to the water. Another theory discussed was that a large object from space, such as an asteroid, had impacted on Mars and knocked the atmosphere and water off.